Our Philosophy

The subject discussed by this book, has touched on the main and fundamental concepts of the world and the method of thinking about it. So, the research in this book on two parts go like this:
First, The philosophical concept of the world.
Second, the theory of cognition or knowledge.
In the first one, the research summed up as follows:
A, studing the basic sources of cognition which are vision and sanction.
In the first one (vision) the writer (Shahid Sadr), discussec some theories about this regard. These theories are: The theory of "Plato Exemplary", "rational theory" and "sensualia theory". after the full pondering about these theories, the writer prefers the fourth one which is "Abstraction theory". This is a theory which Moslem philosophers rely on it.
The summary of this theory is:
Notions ae divided in two kinds:
1 - Primary notions which are the main ones of man's mind and are developed by sense. These sensate meanings developed the first rational priciple. Then on the basis of it, the mind, develops secondary notions, and as a result initiates the role of innovation and development. According to this theory it is called "abstraction". The mind as a result of these primary meaning, achieves new meanings which are out of the frame of sense.
This theory is harmonized with reasoning and experience and can categorically and firmly interpret all notional details.
The second kind (aknowlegement) discusses about two rational and empirical theories. Shahid Sadr (the writer) rejects the second theory (empirical) and explains the weak pionts of schools adopted marxism and positivism which proved the right of the mental logic that bases upon the mental method in thinking and taking into consideration.
Mind is the most superior criterion for man's thinking, and there is no philosophical or scientific idea without submitting it to this rife criterion. Even the experience, the more superior criterion from the expirimental person, point of view, the first criterion is not a mean but for using the intellect criterion, and empirical theory always needs to intellect logic.
From the rationalists piont of view, mankind sciences are divided in two kinds. The first one is "necessary or self-evident science". According to this science, ego, accepts this science without any reason. like the principle of causation and principle of the imposibility of conjuction two contradictories. These issues are the root of all sciences. The second one is "speculative" sciences which the ego, for being confident about thier truth, needs to be sure about them before, and there is a necessity of thiking and reasoning mechanism to judge about accepting or rejecting them. like the globosity of ground or the impasibility of vicious circle.
Rationalists believe the intellct is deductive.
Studying the Value of the Human Understanding and to what Extent that the Huminity may find its way to the Objective Reality.
In the beginnig of his research the author (May God rest his soul in Peace) starts explaining the ancient Greek philosophers' viewpoints and their various inclinations together with sophistic one.
Then he has shifted the theme to speak about the leaders of the philosophical ranaissance in Europe, for instance, Renإ Descartes and John Locke.
Next he went farther in his discussion to review the ideal doctrine with its modern inclinalions that is to say the philosophical , physical and physiological idealism. There upon he moved to argue convincingly the modern suspicion supporters' perspectives.
He has reviewed in details the relativity theory and affirmed its ignorance to the absolute fact and with regard to the objective and individual aspect it is no more than a mixture only.
Among a group of inclinations he has dealt with the scientific suspicion and its theories in the fields of manner, psychologicla analysis and historical materalism doctrine. Somewhere of his research the author had stopped a while to throw lights on the submission of the historical materialism to the individual relativity through making full confession to the caste individuality system and he defuted its claims to not do so.
For your information, we would like to tell you that all mentioned inclinations have been argued and defuted scientifically by the author himself and we leave judgement for you honourable reader. For you the summed up headlines of the most rightest doctrine from the pointview of the author are as follows: 1 - Dividing the perception into two parts: a/ Valueless objective vision which means thing seen vividly in our imagination.
b/ Sanction that finds out an objective reality for vision. 2- All sanctioning understandings can bear traits due to their background of basic ones, such as, the non-contradiction and causation principles which other theoretical knowledges and sanctions should be built on, for the value and power of such knowledges depend on that foundation.
3 - The relationship between the mental image and the objective reality shows on two aspects are as follows: a/ The mental picture should embody all thing features else it does not have any kind of image to be formed. b/ This mental image at the same time is different completely from the objective reality, since it neither possesses the exact traits that the objective reality does so for that, nor be provided with what has found in the reality ifself of patchword activities and energies whatever so that mental image be on a strict and detailed degree of clearness, So the image for sun and heat is unable to stand for the active roles that may be played by the objective reality for that image outside.
And we can say, due to the philosophical language that the difference between the thought and reality is the same as it is between the existence and causation.